Felt seismicity associated with shale gas hydraulic fracturing. This contrasts with far east asia where natural gas processing supplies less than 1 per cent of lpg supply and refineries contribute about 99 per cent. Shale gas formations are unconventional reservoirs i. The spotlight is now on europe, where earlystage exploration is under. The country can export knowledge and experience of shale. Faced with declining natural gas production, the federal government invested in many supply alternatives, including the. Shale gas shakes up the world energy markets 2 shale gas the americas perspective 6. Shale gas and shale oil are currently produced in various basins, mainly in north america. Mares administration eia and prepared by advanced resources international ari. Shale gas, like tight gas or coal bed methane 4, is a form of unconventional natural gas, largely composed of methane and found in shale rock reservoirs deep underground. This scenario could reduce import dependency from about 90% of predicted 2035 demand to about 60%.
European shale gas production3 shows how shale gas production in the eu could reduce import dependence. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, lorenzo cremonese and others published shale gas and fracking in europe find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, lorenzo cremonese and others published shale gas and fracking in europe find, read and cite all the research you. We conclude that under assumptions calibrated on existing shale gas production data, it is unlikely that the u.
Shale gas is the form of natural gas derived from underground shale deposits through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Shale gas development in the united states shale formations across the u. At the same time, in europe, some countries have decided to ban the production of shale oil and shale gas in their. The main difference between tight gas and shale gas, however, is that tight gas can be found in low permeability sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, while shale gas rocks are usually impermeable 2 royal dutch shell plc. Western europe uncertain future 11 eastern europe hedging bets. Shale gas is natural gas there is no difference in its chemical and physical properties. Tim boersma explores four questions on shale gas and tight oil development in europe and the united states. Also, compared to tight gas and coal bed methane, relatively less experience exists in europe for shale formations as new source of natural gas. Role of shale gas production for longterm reduction of co 2 emissions 76 6.
The first commercial gas well drilled in the us, in 1821 in fredonia, new york, was a shale gas well producing from the devonian fredonia shale formation. An assessment of 7 shale formations in 41 countries outside the united states. Ghg emissions of shale and tight gas production, distribution and combustion compared to conventional natural gas and coal, extrapolated to. Shale gas in north america and europe article pdf available in energy science and engineering 41. Probable relevance of unconventional gas production on european gas supply 75 5. Shale gas research for europe search and discovery. Economic appraisal of shale gas plays in continental europe. While many uncertainties make it difficult to predict the future of unconventional. According to a study on the potential economic impacts of shale gas in spain, the country could become independent of gas imports by 2030, and export gas by 2050.
Energy information administration, shale gas will provide half of the united states domestic gas by 2035. Shale gas in europe brian horsfield1, hansmartin schulz1, ingo kapp1. Much of the technology used in drilling and production of shale gas has been developed on this play. Work package 11 suggestions for policy formulation d11. The shale revolution came after major deregulatory changes in the governance of natural gas pricing and distribution. Fracking likely to result in high emissions sciencedaily. Note that shale gas in september 2012 was 35% of the us supply. The availability of energy and feedstock from shale gases creates a significant competitive advantage for the us industry. Shale gas and eu energy security european parliament. Horizontal drilling began in the 1930s, and in 1947 a well was first fracked in the u. Composition variety complicates processing plans for us.
European shale gas production can improve the regions security of energy supply by increasing the diversification of sources and by offsetting the decline of conventional indigenous gas production. The information provided below explains the basics, including what shale gas is, where its found, why its important, how its. It is not necessary for europe to be self sufficient in shale gas in order to have a. Truck journeys for a typical shale well drilling and completion site 112. Australia the price of extraction 15 china fiveyear strategic plan 16. Eprs shale gas and eu energy security members research service page 5 of 10 ban unconstitutional in june 2014.
Germany, france, the netherlands, scotland and bulgaria all. Shale gas production decreases energy imports and thus improves a countrys balance of payments. The development of shale gas deposits has also begun in china and argentina. Shale gas production generates knowledge for use in other forms of energy production e. This provides a crucial insight into future induced seismicity hazard mitigation for shale gas development and indicates that potential future developments identify and critically evaluate favorably oriented faults located. After the drake oil well in 1859, however, shale gas production was overshadowed by much larger volumes produced from conventional gas reservoirs in 1996, shale gas wells in the united states produced 0.
This study focuses on shale gas exploration, because shale gas is the type of unconventional gas most discussed and contentious currently. Shale gas all you need to know about shale gas in europe. Barnett the barnett shale formation is the grandfather of shale gas plays. Increasing activity has also begun in europe in the exploration of possible shale gas deposits. Pdf lobbying shale gas in europe joren selleslaghs. Felt seismicity associated with shale gas hydraulic. This paper explores whether climate policy justifies developing more shale gas and addresses the question of a potential arbitrage between shale gas development and the transition to clean energy. According to estimates from the international energy agency, shale gas will enable the us to become selfsufficient by 2030. Shale gas is one of the popular conventional energy sources as it emits less carbon compared to other fossil fuels such as coal and hence is expected to become the major fuel replacing coal and other fossil fuels. Shale gas shale oil gboe gboe poland 25 3,3 france 23 4,7 romania 9 0,3 denmark 5 0 uk 4 0,7 netherlands 4 2,9 others 9 1 total 80 12,9 country. Shale gas was first extracted as a resource in fredonia, new york, in 1821, in shallow, lowpressure fractures. Poland has also been one of the first member states to call on the eu to increase its focus on shale gas, with foreign minister radoslaw sikorski. This webpage has been developed to answer the many questions that people have about shale gas and hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Three major deregulatory actionsthe 1978 natural gas policy act.
Also other regions of the world are primed for an extended use of shale gas whereas there are no plans for europe so far. Shale gas production a contribution to its appraisal in the context of energy and environment policy statement may 20 nu nr. It is important that these are adequately analysed. Argument map shale gas production in eu member states. Barnett, marcellus, fayetteville, new albany, antrim, and haynesville. Environenviron ment ment shale gas production harms the environment shale gas production and postproduction wells can lead to groundwater contamination. David cameron has lauded the economic benefits that he says shale gas promises for europe and claimed that it has environmental benefits too. The first exploratory wells were drilled in poland, england and germany, among.
Natural gas prices in japan, the united states and europe, 19802017 dollars per mmbtu. Dynamics and drivers of shale gas development in three european. Shale gas production in the united states rises continuously. These estimates are uncertain given the relatively sparse data that currently exist. Resource categories when considering the market implications of abundant shale resources, it is important to distinguish between a. S federal price controls on natural gas led to shortages in the 1970s. European unconventional oil and gas assessment euoga. Shale gas and oil production has significantly reduced energy prices in the usa, which in turn has enhanced the competitiveness of us manufacturing. Pdf shale gas in north america and europe researchgate. Can the us shale revolution be duplicated in continental. Eu production of shale gas could ramp up to 170 billion cubic meters per year, equivalent to a third of eu gas consumption. Study outlines emission scenarios for shale gas production in europe.
The focus on exploration is due to the stage of projects in. Permeability refers to the capacity of a porous, sediment, soil or rock in this case to transmit a fluid. Shale gas is the term often used to describe both tight gas and shale gas resources. The herald tribune declared in august 2008 europe starting search for shale gas. France has some of the largest estimated shale gas reserves in europe. Development of shale gas and shale oil in europe september 2016 9 executive summary this report provides an introductory countrypercountry overview of the current status and development of shale gas and shale oil in europe, based on returned questionnaires distributed to the national geological surveys ngs in june 2015 and. In the eu, a shale gas revolution appears relatively unlikely, at least for the moment, given europes less favourable geological conditions and its wary public. The us shale revolution and the changes in lpg trade. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and responsible business practices guidance note for financiers this guidance note has been produced to assist financial institutions in their internal conversations and decisionmaking with regard to risks and responsible business practices associated with shale gas production. Shale gas can provide energy when renewable energy sources fail to meet peak demand. United states transforming from importer to exporter. Nevertheless, some eu member states rich in shale gas, such as poland and the united kingdom, are actively promoting shale gas exploration activities to diversify their energy mix. Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources. Four questions on shale gas development in europe and the u.
The integrated research on european shale gas started by launching the prominent gas shales in europe project gash in 2009 and slightly earlier in 2008 the geoenergie project geoen. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and. Shale gas might bring benefits to eu member states, but there are also valid concerns and environmental risks. Any purely technological, technoeconomic and regulatory aspects of shale gas exploitation are beyond the scope of this study. We construct a hotellinglike model where electricity may be produced by three perfectly substitutable sources.
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